Chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving



April 11, 1939. F. L. REYNOLDS 2,153,677

CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR PERMANENT HAIR WAVING Filed Nov. 24, 1937FIE-J..-

. INVENTOR. Z4 fieo'er/t L Reyna/d5 v BY @M-Z ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 11, 1939 PATENT OFFICE CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR PERMANENTHAIR WAVING Frederick L. Reynolds, Mill Valley, Calif., assignor, bymesne assignments, to United States Appliance Corporation, SanFrancisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application November 24,1937, Serial No. 176,229

/ 4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to the construction of so-calledchemical heating pads, particularly pads suitable for carrying outheating operations in permanent hair waving. Chemical heating pads, suchas are suitable for permanent hair waving, make use of an exothermicreaction between certain chemicals, to furnish sufiicient heat for awaving operation. The type of pad employed for this purpose in the pasthas made use of a metal foil envelope or sachet, containing thenecessary chemicals in dry powdered or granular form. In using such apad the envelope is perforated and the chemicals k moistened with water,immediately before applying the pad about a wound strand of hair. Padsof this kind are subject to several serious disadvantages. They arerelatively expensive to manufactur'e, because of the use of metal foilenvelopes or sachets containing the powdered chemicals. They are subjectto relatively rapid deterioration when exposed to the air, due to moreor less absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, with the result thatsome or all of the chemical action Y takes place before the pads areused. Because of such deterioration it is common to supply pads to thetrade in relatively expensive sealed containers. However, even with thispractice the pads are subject to deterioration, with the result that theperformance obtained is erratic.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple chemicalheating pad, suitable for permanent hair waving, characterizedparticularly by the absence of chemicals in powdered or granular form,within a foil envelope. In carrying out the present invention thereaction elements consist of a sheet of reactive metal like aluminum, inconjunction with a solution containing chemicals capable of exothermicreaction with the aluminum. The solution is carried by a sheet ofabsorbent material, to which it can be applied immediately before awaving operation.

A further objectof the invention is to provide a chemical heating padsuitable for permanent hair waving, which will not deteriorate in anyway when stored over long periods of time, even though exposed to theatmosphere. 7 Further objects of the invention will appear from thefollowing description in which the pre- F ferred embodiment of theinvention has been set forth in detail in conjunction with theaccompanying drawing.

Referring to the drawing: Fig. 1 is a perspective view, illustrating apad 55 incorporating the present invention, and showing the manner inwhich chemical solution is applied to the same.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view, illustrating the manner in which the padcan be folded after application of chemical solution. 5

Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views illustrating how the marginal edges of theouter wrapper can be folded over to form a packet, shown in completeform in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional de- 10 tall, illustratingthe manner in which the aluminum foil and associated sheets of absorbentasbestos, are perforated.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 6-6 ofFig. 1, and showing a 15 simple form of attachment to the outer foilcovering, and a stitching which can be used for retaining the sheets ofasbestos material assembled with respect to the aluminum foil.

Fig, 7 is an end elevational view partly in cross- 2d section showingthe pad as applied to a hair curler and held in place by a suitableclamp.

Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing,I have shown a pad consisting of an inner assembly l0, together with 25an outer covering H. The assembly Ill consists of a sheet I2 of aluminumfoil, between twosheets l3 of absorbent material. The sheets l3 are ofnon-inflammable material, such as an absorbent asbestos paper. Thethickness of the aluminum to foil 12 may" vary-depending upon differentrequirements or conditions, but in practice I have used a gauge of about.0015 inch, with good results. The surfaces of the aluminum foil can becleaned, as by means of a suitable cleansing 35 reagent. While sheets l3may vary in weight, six pound asbestos paper will give good results.

The assembly I0 is retained together by suitable means, such as two rowsof stitching [4, extending along the side margins. After forming thisassembly it is passed through a suitable perforating appliance, wherebythe perforations iii are formed over the entire area of the assembly. Itwill be noted from enlarged Fig. 5 that the perforations l6 extendthrough the entire assembly, so that in effect the openings in theindividual sheets of asbestos and aluminum foil, are in registry. Alsoit is preferable to form these perforations by piercing needles, so thatthere is no punching out of material, such as would decrease theeffective reactive surface and mass of the aluminum foil.

The covering H can consist of a sheet of aluminum or tin foil l I,provided with an inner liner 18 of suitable material such as waxed orparchas ment paper. Such a liner affords a chemically inert membrane, toprevent reaction between the chemical solution and the foil covering ii.The

inner assembly III can be secured to the covering 7 II by suitablemeans, such as the wire attaching elements II. In a pad of the typeillustrated it is desirabie that this attachment be made near one end ofthe assembly 10, and near one marginal edgeofthecoveringil. 7

In makinguse of the pad described above a suitable chemical solutionmust be provided, to saturate the asbestos sheet II. Solutions which Ican employ contain chemicals such as a salt of a heavy metal, likecopper sulphate, capable of exothermic reaction with aluminum, togetherwith an oxidizing reagent like sodium chlorate, to prevent polarization,and a salt like aluminum sulphate tending to speed up commencement ofthe steaming period. An example of a chemical solution which can beemployed with good resuits, is as follows:--

Hydrated copper sulphate "grams" Sodium chlorate do 15 Hydrated aluminumsulphate do A A Ammonium chloride do Sumcient water to make cc. ofsolution. a

The ammonium chloride initially activates the reaction and depresses thepH valueof the solution. As the reaction of the solution on the aluminumproceeds, and the solution is heated to an elevated temperature, somedecomposition of the ammonium chloride occurs with the result that thepH value of the solution is raised, to temper the reaction and extendthe heating period.

Various expedients can be utilized to saturate the asbestos sheets I!with the chemical solution. It is desirable for the operator to have asmall measuring device by means of which definite amounts of solutioncan be applied, such as a measuring' -dropper 22. Assuming that such adropper or' applicator is used, it is filled with a definite amount ofsolution, and then the solution solution penetrates through theperforations to saturate both the asbestossheets.

The pad illustrated is intended for Croquignole permanent hair waving,and it is of such a length a that it can befolded. as illustrated in 11g. 2, before being applied over a conventional Croquignole curler.'Ihus after the a sheets have been properly saturated or impregnatedwith the solution, the entire pad is folded over as shown in a Fig. 2,and thereafter the marginal edges of the covering. II which extend outbeyond the edges of the folded assembly III, are folded over as a safetyprecaution against leakage of solution. Thus as indicated in Fig. 3,after folding over as Q indicated in Fig. 2, marginal edges I is arefolded over, followed by a folding over of the marginal edges I I b, asshown in Fig. 4. Obviously theprecise manner or sequence in which thesemarginal a edges are folded over is of no material consequence. Thecomplete folded packet as shown in Fig. 4 (designated generally bynumber I III) is now applied over a strand of wound hair, as for examplein the manner illustrated in Fig. 7. In

this instance a strand of hair is shown wound .70 about the Croquignolecurler II, carried by the q gnole protector 24. The folded packet ii 0is retained about the wound strand by suitable means such as the springclip 26.

It is to be understood that in using the chemi- 76 cal pad describedabove, the wound hair is moisis applied to one side of the assembly lb.The

tened with aqueous waving solution, in the same manner as now practicedin conventional permanent hair waving. It is also to be understood thatthe dimensions of the pad can be varied to suit different requirements,as for example to I enable application of the pad to a strand of hairwound about an extended rod spiral fashion, as is well known by thoseskilled in the art.

Shortly after applying the chemical solution to the-sheets of theexothermic reaction commences, and by the time the folded packet hasbeen applied about the wound hair, heat is being developed to transferheat to the wound hair.

The temperature of the hair is rapidly elevated to steaming temperature,and the steaming period is extended over a sufficient period of time tolend permanency to the wave. During this heating period the aluminumfoil is substantially entirely consumed by the chemical reaction.-

Referenoe has been made to the use of noninilammable material to retainthe chemical solution. Also it has been pointed out that the solutionmakes use of an active oxidizing agent, like sodium chlorate. At the endof the waving operation at least a part of this oxidizing agent is stillpresent." If the sheets I were made of ordinary absorbent paper, or likematerial, impregnation of the cellulose fiber with the oxidizing agentwould produce a highly inflammable article, and thus create a firehazard. Such a fire hazard is entirely avoided by the use of an inertnon-inflammable flber like asbestos, thus making it possible for theoperator to discard the pads after they have been used, withoutparticular care as to the manner of their disposal.

The perforations which are provided for the inner assembly it, performseveral desirable functions. Perforating the asbestos sheets II,facilitates saturation of these sheets with the chemical solution.Perforating the aluminum sheet l'l augments the edge area of thealuminum foil which is exposed to the chemical solution. I found thatsuch an increase in the edge area facilitates carrying out the desiredexothermic reaction. Also because of the small size of the perforationsin the aluminum foil l2,these perforations tend to trap drops ofsolution, thus assisting retention of solution within the assembly II,and in addition they make it possible to saturate both sides of theassembly with application of solution to only one side. Carrying out theperforating operation in the manner previously described, also tends tocause sheets II to adhere upon opposite sides of the aluminum foil, sothat the side surfaces of the aluminum foil are retained; in physicalcontact with the asbestos sheets.

i It will be evident that my pad obviates the disadvantages previouslyoutlined, with respect to pads making use of a foil envelope containingpowdered or granulated chemicals. There can be no deterioration uponexposure to the atmosphere, because the chemical solution can be kept inwell stoppered bottles, out of contact with the air at all times.Manufacture is a comparatively simple operation, which does not involvethe handling of powdered material, and does not involve the making of anair-tight foil envelope.

The subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein is disclosed andclaimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 239,482, flied Nov. 8,1938.

I claim:

1. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a -sheet ofaluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material in contactwith one side of the aluminum foil, the sheet of aluminum foil beingperforated and the sheet of absorbent material being capable ofretaining a chemical solution of exothermic reaction with the metallicfoil.

2. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet ofaluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material in juxtasitionwith one side of the aluminum foil, said sheet of absorbent materialbeing adapted to retain a chemical solution for exothermic reaction withthe aluminum foil, both said sheets being perforated to augment actionof the solution upon the aluminum foil and to facilitate impregnation ofthe sheet of absorbent material with said chemical solution.

3. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet ofaluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material injuxtaposition with one sided the aluminum foil, both said sheets havingregistering perforations, said sheet of absorbent material being adaptedto retain a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminumfoil.

4. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet ofreactive metallic foil, and flexible sheets of absorbent materialdisposed upon opposite sides of the metallic foil and in juxtapositionwith the same, both said sheets and the metallic foil having registeringperforations, said sheets of absorbent material being adapted to besaturated with a ch nical solution for exothermic reaction with themetallic foil.

FREDERICK L. REYNOLDS.

DISCLAIMER 677.F d 'kL.R nolls, Mill Valle, 2,153 N 6M0 6y Patent? datedApril 11, 1939. Disclaimer filed United States Appliance Corporation.

PERMANENT HAIR WAVINf July 17, 19 %2, by the ass1gnee,

Calif. CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR Hereby enters this disclaimer of claim 1in said specification.

[Ofiicial GazettaAagast 25, 1942.] I

